Final Independence

  The invasion of Japan had ended the Dutch Rule, but after Japan failed invading Indonesia, the Dutch tried to regain control. The Dutch were unsuccessful because now Indonesians began fighting for their final Independence.

More than 169 parties in Indonesia fought for their Independence, which resulted to the final war (A). On December 1949, the Indonesian National Revolution was fought and as many as 100,000 Indonesians died (C).

      Finally Indonesia gained its independence from both the Dutch and Japanese. 

     In 1945, Sukarno and Hatta proclaimed as an independent republic (A). Sukarno became the first president and attempted to stabilize Indonesia. But after a few years, Indonesia began to become weak. Problems such as starvation, and bank corruption occurred (A). Foreign banks would not lend money to Indonesia and the inflation rate arose to 1000 percent a year (B).

Indonesians began to realize that Sukarno was not “president material.” 

After Sept. 6^th 1965, when generals were killed and a coup attempt occurred, insurgents began to revolt and tried to take over his position (A). Then there was an uprising but Major General Suharto had stopped it. He was the commander of the army reserve. During the attempted coup, many Indonesians were massacred. Violence, especially in Bali and Java, arose and between 100,000 to one million people died (D).

      Sukarno was replaced by Suharto in 1967 and began to stabilize Indonesia (A). He began by outlawing communists and dismissed many government officials and recognized new ones. He also brought Indonesia back in the UN. He than made new laws which ended in about a million people being imprisoned (D).He than broke ties with China and the Soviet Union and was not friendly to the Westerners interests. Resulting, the army became close with the govermny and the economy (C). The economy had high growth through policies aimed at controlling foreign investments, boosting oil exports, slowing population growth and increasing food production (B).

·      A New Order had begun.